COOLING TYPE

In this group, we can choose the parameters corresponding to the type of computer cooling:

- fanless

- fan

FANLESS

This type of cooling is a proven and widely used method in industrial equipment that operate in harsh environments, such as dust, pollen or other. It takes place mainly by means of passive housing having a very large surface area (longitudinal fins, fins) for heat dissipation. So it is not necessary to mount the fan and construction having heat vents. There are also computers that mimi housing zakniętej have a small fan, which is designed to heat the resultant dispersion throughout the housing so that it can cool it faster.

FAN

Cooling equipment is via zamotowanego inside the computer fan that removes heat quickly the CPU and the GPU. Odtwory in the housing allow for quick ventilation of the inside of your computer so that the temperature of each component was at an appropriate level.

CONNECTORS AND PORTS

In this group of parameters we can choose suitable connectors and ports to the computer, both those on the housing as well as those built on the motherboard. You can also specify the number of COM and USB ports and the number of network adapters.

COM (RS232) | COM (RS422/485) | USB 2.0 | USB 3.0 | RJ-45 | LVDS | GPIO | Mini-PCIE | PCI-E | SATA | MINI-SATA | PowerOUT | CPUFan | LPT | VGA | Slot SIM | Audio/Mic | HDMI | DVI | DisplayPort | eSATA | PS/2 | SPDIF | Czytnik CF

Ports can be found in this group:

	RS-232 communication bus is designed for serial data transmission. The most popular version of this standard, RS-232C allows you to transfer at a distance not exceeding 15 m with a maximum speed of 20 kbit / s.
	RS-485 is a popular standard for data automation designed for multipoint transmission lines. It is used as the physical layer of many industrial network protocols.t
	USB 2.0 (Hi-Speed) devices comply with the terms of the new specification can be operated at a maximum speed of 480 Mbit / s (60 MB / s). Actual data transfer rate depends on the design of the device. According to the test site CNet maximum writing speed ranges from 25 - 30 MB / s and read 30 - 42 MB / s. This is mainly due to the fact that the data transmission is done through a port in half-duplex mode on a single pair of wires.
	USB 3.0 (SuperSpeed) Equipment in accordance with the terms of the new specification can be operated at a speed of 5 Gbit / s (640 MB / s). Actual data throughput is 4 Gbit / s, using a coding 8b / 10b allows for the transfer of 400 MB / s. The new standard in addition to the standard cables (for compatibility down to USB 2.0 and 1.1) for quick transfers uses two additional pairs of shielded wire full-duplex.
	Network card (ang. NIC - Network Interface Card) - expansion card that is used to transform the data packets in signals that are transmitted on the network. NIC work in a particular standard, eg. Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, ArcNet, 100VGAnylan.
	LVDS is a fast digital interface that is used for many applications requiring: a high resistance to interference Sensors and low power consumption at high data rates. LVDS is used in various applications and industries, including commercial and military applications.
	GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) interface for communication between components of a computer system, such as a microprocessor or various peripherals. Leads such a device (pins) may be used as both inputs and outputs and is typically configurable property. GPIO pins are often grouped in ports. Devices using GPIO interface interrupts have the ability to report in the CPU (CPU) and use direct memory access (DMA).
	Mini PCI Express (ang. Mini Peripheral Component Interconnect Express), the official abbreviation PCIe - a combination of Point-to-Point (like HyperTransport), used to install expansion cards on the motherboard. The mini version is used in MiniPC, notebooks, netbooks, and many other industrial equipment.
	PCI Express (ang. Peripheral Component Interconnect Express), the official abbreviation PCIe - a combination of Point-to-Point (like HyperTransport), used to install expansion cards on the motherboard.
	Serial SATA (ang. Serial Advanced Technology Attachment, SATA) - serial computer bus, developed and certified by the SATA-IO, for communication between the host bus adapters (HBA) and storage devices such as hard drives, solid state drives, optical drives, and conveyors.
	Mini-SATA - this is a mini version of the SATA serial bus. This port is identical and is used to communicate the host and copper storage devices.
	PowerOUT - protects your computer against short-term shortages of energy, so that the equipment does not stop working.
	CPUFan - connector on the motherboard for connecting the CPU fan.
	LPT (ang. Parallel Port, Line Print Terminal) - 25-pin connector on personal computers used mainly for connecting peripheral devices: printers, scanners, plotters.
	VGA (Video Graphics Array) - one of the standards of graphics cards IBM-PC. VGA cards have 256kB of memory, allow the use of video modes 16- or 256-color. The maximum available resolution modes character is 720 × 480, while 640 × 480 image.
	SIM slot - slot mounted on the motherboard that allows computers to insert the SIM card. Along with the appropriate software extends the capabilities of communications equipment.
	Sound Card (ang. Sound card, audio card) - computer expansion card that allows registration, processing and playback.
	HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface, high definition multimedia interface) - the interface for transmitting uncompressed digital audio and video signals. HDMI allows you to connect any, is compatible with standard audio / video devices such as DVD players, Blu-ray players, game consoles, computers, monitors, and digital televisions. The video data is transmitted using the TMDS technology. The maximum transmission distance is 15 meters, using wires made in accordance with the recommendations of the HDMI Working Group.
	DVI (ang. Digital Visual Interface) - a standard connector between the graphics card and the computer monitor. DVI connector is present in 3 variants: DVI-I - carries both digital data and analog. After an appropriate adapter, you can connect with ordinary D-Sub connector graphics card. DVI-D - transmits only digital data; Some graphics cards have the ability to transmit audio via DVI, this is not compatible with DVI - abnormally used only some of the pins, which allows the use of non-standard DVI → HDMI. DVI-A - transmits only the analog data.
	DisplayPort – universal digital interface. The main aim of the new standard is a combination of computer-to-computer-monitor or home theater system (including projectors, large displays, TVs, etc.). DisplayPort connector supports 1 to 4 transmission lines transmit audio and video at a rate of 1.62 or 2.7 Gb / s (up to 10.8 Gb / s with four transmission lines). Standard enables simultaneous two-way exchange of information.
	eSATA (external SATA) port is an external SATA 3 Gbit / s, designed for connection to external storage. The main idea is to provide the same eSATA data transfer speed external devices, which is achievable for internal drives. Achieved by this standard speeds do not differ from those offered by SATA II - maximum throughput is 150 MB / s and 300 MB / s.
	PS/2 – port communication system developed by IBM. It is a variation of dedicated serial port to connect the keyboard and mouse.
	S/PDIF (ang. Sony / Philips Digital Interface Format) - a standard audio transfer developed in collaboration with Sony and Philips companies. Allows you to transfer audio between two devices without the need for stored digitally converting it to analog. So it does not sound distortion created (formed during the processing of the digital signal to analog, during the processing of the signal back into digital form after submitting and during the same rate). This standard is so far the most common devices DAT (ang. Digital Audio Tape), CD and digital sound processors.
	CF reader - this is a flash-memory card reader. Thanks to its application in computers can get quick and easy way to lose data, images, videos, or music from your media on your computer and vice versa.

EQUIPMENT - POWER - SPEED - CAPACITY

In this group of parameters you can choose what you want to with the computer or the video card, SSD or HDD, RAM and processor.

Graphics card

	nVidia graphics chips are among the best in the world. Perfectly cope with even the most demanding applications. With the power of NVIDIA® CUDA ™ technology and the new CUDA runtime for Windows, programmers can now offload the most intensive processing tasks from the CPU to the GPU, delivering incredible performance improvements over traditional CPUs. HybridPower ™ technology delivers graphics performance when you need it and low power consumption of the remaining time. And with PureVideo HD engine next-generation, low quality Blu-ray becomes the past.
Graphics cards AMD Radeon ™ offer better performance compared to integrated graphics, which allows for faster execution of tasks / finish work and smoother operation and better looking games. Applications and games on your notebook deserve the best available performance and visual effects of time without sacrificing battery life.
	Intel® HD Graphics - an amazing visual effects and 3D images. Regardless of whether you're playing games, editing a video recording or watching movies, Intel HD Graphics includes powerful features to ensure a smooth, stunning 3D visual effects: Advanced technologies improve productivity and efficiency. Faster display of 3D content and more complex features, shading provide incredibly dynamic and realistic experience in 3D games. The layout of the Intel HD Graphics 4000 is capable of playing the popular and advanced games at a level similar to the basic external graphics cards - no need to purchase add-on card or layout. An Intel HD Graphics 2500 allows you to play the popular and internet games without having to purchase additional card or layout.

Drive type

There are only two types of SSD and HDD. The following is a characteristic of both drives. SSDs are different from traditional HDD by many factors such as the strength of the shock, the speed of reading and writing, and above all price.

SSD (ang. Solid-state drive, sometimes solid state disk) - storage device built with flash memory. The main advantage of SSD is the lack of moving parts. In addition, these drives have a far shorter time access to data (several times), quieter and much more resistant to mechanical damage (caused eg. Vibrations during operation or falling from a height). Another issue is the use of SSD in industrial computers, where there is significant large capacity as is the case with traditional HDD, but above all, reliability and resistance to vibration. SSD in industrial applications do not require the capacity of 50-100 GB, because in practice are used in capacitance of 512MB-8GB and it is enough that at a relatively low cost of memory do its job.

HDD (Hard disk drive) - the type of storage that uses magnetic media for data storage. Disk HDD type consists of a plate or disc assembly for aluminum alloy coated with a thin layer of magnetic media and electromagnetic heads that allow reading and writing of data. For each disk platter accounts for a pair of heads - one head and one read-write. The data are stored on the disk platter by sending electromagnetic flux through the recording head. Hard drives are the most important the following parameters: capacity, data rate, data access time, speed magnetic disks (rev / min.) And the mean time between failures (MTBF).

RAM Memory

RAM Memory is very important and one of the basic computer components. This is the place where the computer temporarily stores the individual data. The more memory you install on your computer, the more programs will be able to run at the same time, which will run more efficiently. RAM is important for the performance of your computer. Of course, in the context of memory has not only its size, but also the operating parameters.

What are the types of memory?

There are several types of memory, but now they are the most important:

• DDR 2
• DDR 3

What kind of memory you can install on your computer, it will depend on the motherboard (although you can meet up with models that allow both installation DDR2 and DDR3 - but they can not be used simultaneously). Since it also depends on the amount of memory that is how many GB can handle up to and how capacious may be a single unit.

The main differences between DDR2 and DDR3:

The current DDR3 SDRAM memory chips are manufactured in 90 nanometer manufacturing process, and standard supply voltage is 1.5 V. them require DDR2 standard of 1.8 V.
DDR3 memory modules have 240 pins, which is the same number as DDR2. However, the memory controller designed to support DDR2 DDR3 can not handle, and a few pin DIMM has changed its meaning. For this reason, it is impossible to insert non-compliant modules - eg. The modules DDR3 DDR2 DIMM connectors.

Processors

The major manufacturers of processors are AMD and Intel.

The processor is the most important component of any computer, which is responsible for all arithmetic operations. For this reason, it is an intermediary in the performance of the processor, in principle, all tasks on the computer. Its quality depends on the performance of our system, and thus - the same comfort. It should be noted that the processor is a complex system, which is the building block of silicon. It has a small size, but it is a great computing power. Due to ongoing minimization on a small area of the chip can now hold millions of transistors, which gives the power, which is something we could only dream of. Not everyone needs the best and most modern computer processors.

Processors INTEL

With the advent of the first generation Nehalem processors (ie, the first Core i) in autumn 2007 completely changed the line and file naming convention Intel products. Since then, no need to know during the stamps: just look, whether it's a Pentium, Core i3, Core i5 and Core i7 to know about a product with which you are dealing. This simple move how much easier choice and strengthened brand: from now on, even the average computer user oriented knew better than to have a Core i7 Core i3. But this knowledge is not all: in every family there are several dozen processors, a number of different parameters.

Processors AMD

AMD is the second largest producer of processors based on the x86 architecture and one of the largest manufacturers of GPUs.

Bulldozer microarchitecture is a real revolution in the approach to the design of AMD processors. The main component is a module, which accounts for two units for the calculation of the fixed-point and floating one. In the simplest terms: in games such processor (eg. Czteromodułowy ośmiowątkowy FX 8150) behaved like a quad and multi-threaded programs - as ośmiordzeniowy. Support for fast DDR-1866 and high default clocks helped make up for deficiencies resulting from low IPC.

DIMENSIONS

In this group, we can choose the parameters corresponding to the dimensions of our computer:

- length

- width

- height

This allows you to accurately find the equipment that meets our requirements for its size and even volume.

WEIGHT

In this group of parameters we can choose what weight range is to have our computer.

The industry plays an important role weight devices, which are used in different places. Sometimes computers are assembled at different production lines where small rozmary and weight are an important factor for their proper selection.

Determine the weight range greatly facilitate search choice that meets your expectations in particular, corresponding to its use in the plant.

RESISTANCE DEVICE

In this group of parameters, we can select a range of temperatures and wilotności in which it is to work with your computer.

The industry plays an important role the environment in which the device is to operate. In particular, attention is returned to the computer and the operating temperature at which moisture is able to work.

COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS

In this group of parameters we can choose suitable computer communication systems:

	Bluetooth – technology wireless short-range communication between various electronic devices such as a keyboard, computer, laptop, PDA, mobile phone, and many others. It is open standard described in IEEE 802.15.1. Its specification includes three classes 1-3 transmission power with a range of 100, 10 and 1 meter in open space. The most common class is the second class. The technology uses radio waves in the 2.4GHz ISM band.
Wi-Fi – a colloquial term set of standards designed to build a wireless computer networks. A specific application of Wi-Fi is building a local area network (LAN) based on radio communication, or WLAN. Range from a few meters to several kilometers and throughput of up to 300 Mb / s transmission on two channels simultaneously.
	WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) - a technique related to access to the wireless network used in mobile networks built in UMTS. The main idea of the WCDMA technology is associated with a common broadcast channel of 5 MHz for multiple simultaneous transmissions (which are dispersed throughout, about 5 megahercowym band). HSDPA (ang. High Speed Downlink Packet Access) - a technology used in mobile networks built UMTS enables data transfer from the network towards the terminal with the theoretical rate of 21.6 Mbit / s (maximum value, occurring only in some networks).

AC/DC POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE

In this group, we can choose the parameters of the inverter's range, which is to support our computer.

MiniPC support different AC voltage ranges. For industrial applications it is sometimes essential. The devices operate at different tasks and use very different voltage for proper operation. That is why such importance is an appropriate choice for the correct voltage power supply, so that the computer can work in an environment in which it is to be mounted.

MiniPC may be used for transport by adapting it to operate with a supply of 12V, 19V, 20V, 28V 8 ~ 9 ~ 9 ~ 19V and 36V. Then the mini computer can be used in cars, buses, trams, taxis, trains and even airplanes. Very well suitable on its functions in vehicles in which it is important to the small size of the computer.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

In this group of parameters you can select additional options that you have to have your computer, such as Wake up for a LAN or Watch Dog Timer.

Wake on LAN, (WoL) – method to enable computers via a local area network (LAN).

The principle of operation

Each network adapter receives all traffic that goes into it. If it is not set in the special promiscuous mode, immediately discards all packets that are not addressed to her. If it hits on Magic Packet for her, sends a signal to the motherboard of the need to turn on your computer. This functionality is maintained while the residual power when the computer is turned off. Laptops usually require to be connected to an external power supply; when battery power WoL feature does not work. From any computer on the same local network we need to send a package called Magic Packet. Sending it, we give the MAC recipient, or the computer you want to enable. Inclusion should take place almost immediately. If the package has to go through at least one router, we need to specify the IP address of your computer so that routers "know" to which the local network to send a packet. The program requires always provide the IP address, but it must be true, because it actually works WoL Layer 2 of the OSI model, and computers before switching does not have an IP address.

Watch Dog Timer (WDT) – device or program, the most common electronic system for the detection of malfunction of the system, trying them - without human intervention - to repair and prevent serious accidents.

The principle of operation

The watchdog is a timer waiting for confirmation of the correct operation of the controlled device at a specified time. No confirmation is considered as an error and corrects it by restarting frequently, rarely unmaskable or momentary interruption of the power supply.

It comes in two main types: hardware and software. The hardware is much more reliable, and the software is more powerful. Eg. If the problem is caused by a memory leak, software responds to the insufficient amount of free memory giving you time to smooth shutdown without data loss and hardware reset brutally after suspension system, while the hardware much better cope with undefined interference, eg. From the power supply and protects against errors before the system starts.

The software is placed in a setter counter value to a baseline. Over time, as measured by independent CPU clock, the counter value changes - usually decreases. If it reaches a certain value, it is typically 0, there is described reset the processor or the corresponding interrupt is generated. One of the objectives of the correct operation of the system is to set the watchdog time to time the counter value to the initial value. This feature is placed in the program so as to carry out at intervals shorter than the time of reset. If the program to stop working correctly - eg. Enters an infinite loop or will be jamming and will set the counter again - it can be assumed that the restart is justified. In this way, the watchdog protects the system from unexpected cessation of activity.

Application

Watchdog is installed in the system, which often work without human handling, their continued operation is very important or unexpected effects can be dangerous. Are standard in embedded systems operating in different devices.

Some operating systems provide mechanisms to prevent a crash (blockage) of the system in the event of a fault (kernel panic) and support software and hardware watchdog software such as Linux watchdog package.

BAREBONE

In this group of parameters you can choose whether you want it to be the same Kadłubek, ie without RAM and no hard disk.

BAREBONE are computers that can later be retrofitted with a sufficient amount of RAM and the corresponding size of the hard disk drive us (if there is a possibility of hardware that you can select the type of drive if it is to be SSD or HDD).

PC configuration is not always offered by the manufacturer suits us, because they are an ideal option for computers that are not fully equipped, or just BAREBONE. Such equipment can be freely configured depending of course on the capabilities of the equipment and our needs.